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Carpenter, F. M. 1929. A fossil ant from the Lower Eocene (Wilcox) of Tennessee. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 19:300-301. PDF

Mann, W. M. 1931. A new ant from Porto Rico. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 21:440-441. PDF

Smith, M. R. 1938a. A study of the North American ants of the genus Xiphomyrmex Forel. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 28:126-130. PDF

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Wheeler, G. C.; Wheeler, J. 1953d. The ant larvae of the myrmicine tribes Melissotarsini, Metaponini, Myrmicariini, and Cardiocondylini. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 43:185-189. PDF

Wheeler, G. C.; Wheeler, J. 1954b. The ant larvae of the myrmicine tribes Cataulacini and Cephalotini. Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences 44:149-157. PDF