- Amblyoponinae as subfamily of Formicidae: Forel, 1893b: 162 [Amblyoponinae]; Forel, 1895b: 110 [Amblyoponeridae]; Sharp, 1899: 180 [Amblyoponides]; Clark, 1951: 15 (in key) [Amblyoponinae]; Bolton, 2003: 41, 153 [Amblyoponinae]; Ouellette et al., 2006: 365; Brady et al., 2006: 18173; Moreau et al., 2006: 102; Ward, 2007c: 555; Boudinot, 2015: 17; Ward & Fisher, 2016: 689; Fernández et al., 2019: 501.
- [Amblyoponeridae: incorrect subsequent spelling by Forel, 1895b: 110.]
Subfamily Amblyoponinae and tribe Amblyoponini references
Emery, 1895l: 766 (diagnosis); Wheeler, 1910a: 134 (diagnosis); Emery, 1911e: 21 (diagnosis, genera, key); Emery, 1911e: 96 (subtribe Onychomyrmecini diagnosis); Forel, 1917: 235 (synoptic classification); Wheeler, 1922: 640, 758, 1006 (genera key, Afrotropical, Malagasy catalogues); Brown, 1960a: 146 (diagnosis, all genera revision, key); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1976b: 48 (larvae, review and synthesis); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1985b: 256 (synoptic classification); Terayama, 1989b: 345 (Taiwan fauna); Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 9 (synoptic classification); Brandão, 1991: 389 (Neotropical fauna, synoptic classification); Bolton, 1994: 164 (synoptic classification); Ward, 1994: 167 (tribe diagnosis and discussion); Bolton, 1995a: 1042 (census); Bolton, 1995b: 9 (catalogue); Hashimoto, 1996: 353 (abdominal structure); Schoeters et al., 1999: 3 (venom gland structure); Xu, 2000a: 300 (Malesian genera key); Bolton, 2003: 41, 153 (diagnosis, synopsis); Saux et al., 2004: 466 (phylogeny, diagnosis); Ouellette et al., 2006: 359 (phylogeny); Brady et al., 2006: 18173 (phylogeny); Moreau et al., 2006: 102 (phylogeny); Ward, 2007c: 555 (classification); Lyu, 2008: 315 (Korean Species); Fernández & Arias-Penna, 2008: 30 (Neotropical genera key); Terayama, 2009: 93 (Taiwan genera key); Keller, 2011: 1 (morphology, phylogeny); Yoshimura & Fisher, 2012a: 11 (Malagasy genera males key); General & Alpert, 2012: 70 (Philippines genera key); Sarnat & Economo, 2012: 22 (Fiji Is species key); Eguchi et al., 2014: 4 (Vietnam genera key); Boudinot, 2015: 17 (male-based diagnosis); Baccaro et al., 2015: 66, 120 (Brazil genera key, text); Esteves & Fisher, 2015: 13 (amblyoponines of neotropics); Ward & Fisher, 2016: 689 (phylogeny); Fisher & Bolton, 2016: 39 (worker diagnosis); Fernández et al., 2019: 501 (Colombia); Billen et al., 2021: 1 (basitarsal sulcus gland); Heterick, 2021: 23 (Western Australia genera key); Hamer et al., 2023: 1 (review of Hong Kong species), 31 (Hong Kong taxonomic synopsis), 32 (key to Hong Kong genera (workers)); Feitosa & Dias, 2024: 20 (key to Brazil genera); Ramamonjisoa et al., 2024: 296 (Malagasy region male diagnosis, male-based key to genera).
Catalogues, world
Emery, 1911e: 21; Bolton, 1995b: 9.
Catalogues, regional and national
Wheeler, 1922: 758, 1006 (Afrotropical, Malagasy); Chapman & Capco, 1951: 22 (Asia).
Diagnoses
Emery, 1895l: 766; Wheeler, 1910a: 134; Emery, 1911e: 21; Emery, 1911e: 96 (subtribe Onychomyrmicini); Clark, 1951: 15 (in key); Brown, 1960a: 146; Ward, 1994: 167; Bolton, 2003: 41; Saux et al., 2004: 466; Yoshimura & Fisher, 2012a: 9 (Malagasy, males); Boudinot, 2015: 17; Fisher & Bolton, 2016: 39; Ramamonjisoa et al., 2024: 296 (Malagasy, males).
Synoptic classifications
Emery, 1901b: 36; Ashmead, 1905c: 382; Wheeler, 1910a: 134; Forel, 1917: 235; Kempf, 1972b: 262 (Neotropical); Wheeler & Wheeler, 1985b: 256; Dlussky & Fedoseeva, 1988: 78; Hölldobler & Wilson, 1990: 9; Brandão, 1991: 389 (Neotropical); Bolton, 1994: 164; Bolton, 2003: 153; Ward, 2007c: 555.
World keys to higher taxa
Emery, 1911e: 22 (genera); Wheeler, 1922: 640 (genera); Brown, 1960a: 146 (genera).
Regional keys to taxa
AFROTROPICAL: Fisher & Bolton, 2016: 82 (genera, couplets 39-41). MALAGASY: Yoshimura & Fisher, 2012a: 11 (males); Fisher & Bolton, 2016: 143 (genera, couplets 28-31); Ramamonjisoa et al., 2024: 297 (genera, males). MALESIAN: Xu, 2000a: 300. NEOTROPICAL: Fernández & Arias-Penna, 2008: 30; Esteves & Fisher, 2015: 13.
Country based keys
AUSTRALIA: Heterick, 2021: 23 (Western); BRAZIL: Baccaro et al., 2015: 66, 120; Feitosa & Dias, 2024: 20; CHINA: Hamer et al., 2023: 32 (Hong Kong); COLOMBIA: Fernández et al., 2019: 501; FIJI IS: Sarnat & Economo, 2012: 22; PHILIPPINES: General & Alpert, 2012: 70; TAIWAN: Terayama, 1989b: 345; Terayama, 2009: 93; VIETNAM: Eguchi et al., 2014: 4.
Phylogeny and evolution
Saux et al., 2004: 466; Ouellette et al., 2006: 365; Brady et al., 2006: 18173; Moreau et al., 2006: 102; Keller, 2011: 1; Ward & Fisher, 2016: 689.
Morphology
Keller, 2011: 1; Billen et al., 2021: 1 (basitarsal sulcus gland); Hashimoto, 1996: 353 (abdominal structure); Schoeters et al., 1999: 3 (venom gland).
Other references
Wheeler & Wheeler, 1976b: 48 (larvae); Bolton, 1995a: 1042 (census).
Citations
- Ashmead, W. H. 1905c. A skeleton of a new arrangement of the families, subfamilies, tribes and genera of the ants, or the superfamily Formicoidea. Canadian Entomologist 37:381-384. PDF
- Baccaro, F. B.; Feitosa, R. M.; Fernández, F.; Fernandes, I. O.; Izzo, T. J.; de Souza, J. L. P.; Solar, R. 2015. Guia para os gêneros de formigas do Brasil. Manaus: Editora INPA, 388 pp. 10.5281/zenodo.32912 PDF
- Billen, J.; Khalife, A.; Ito, F.; Anh, N.D.; Esteves, F. A. 2021. The basitarsal sulcus gland, a novel exocrine structure in ants. Arthropod Structure & Development 61: Article 101041:1-10. 10.1016/j.asd.2021.101041 PDF
- Bolton, B. 1994. Identification guide to the ant genera of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 222 pp.
- Bolton, B. 1995a. A taxonomic and zoogeographical census of the extant ant taxa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Journal of Natural History 29:1037-1056. PDF
- Bolton, B. 1995b. A new general catalogue of the ants of the world. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 504 pp.
- Bolton, B. 2003. Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute 71:1-370. PDF
- Boudinot, B. E. 2015. Contributions to the knowledge of Formicidae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata): a new diagnosis of the family, the first global male-based key to subfamilies, and a treatment of early branching lineages. European Journal of Taxonomy 120:1-62. PDF
- Brady, S. G.; Schultz, T. R.; Fisher, B. L.; Ward, P. S. 2006. Evaluating alternative hypotheses for the early evolution and diversification of ants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103:18172-18177. PDF
- Brandão, C. R. F. 1991. Adendos ao catálogo abreviado das formigas da região Neotropical (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 35:319-412. PDF
- Brown, W. L., Jr. 1960a. Contributions toward a reclassification of the Formicidae. III. Tribe Amblyoponini (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 122:143-230. PDF
- Chapman, J. W.; Capco, S. R. 1951. Check list of the ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Asia. Monographs of the Institute of Science and Technology. Manila 1:1-327. PDF
- Clark, J. 1951. The Formicidae of Australia. Vol. 1. Subfamily Myrmeciinae. Melbourne: CSIRO, 230 pp. PDF
- Dlussky, G. M.; Fedoseeva, E. B. 1988. Origin and early stages of evolution in ants. [In Russian.]. Pp. 70-144 in: Ponomarenko, A. G. (ed.) 1988. Cretaceous biocenotic crisis and insect evolution. [In Russian.]. Moskva: Nauka, 232 pp. PDF
- Eguchi, K.; Viet, B. T.; Yamane, S. 2014. Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part II—Cerapachyinae, Aenictinae, Dorylinae, Leptanillinae, Amblyoponinae, Ponerinae, Ectatomminae and Proceratiinae. Zootaxa 3860 (1):1-46. 10.11646/zootaxa.3860.1.1 PDF
- Emery, C. 1895l. Die Gattung Dorylus Fab. und die systematische Eintheilung der Formiciden. Zoologische Jahrbücher. Abteilung für Systematik, Geographie und Biologie der Tiere 8:685-778. PDF
- Emery, C. 1901b. Notes sur les sous-familles des Dorylines et Ponérines (Famille des Formicides). Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 45:32-54. PDF
- Emery, C. 1911e. Hymenoptera. Fam. Formicidae. Subfam. Ponerinae. Genera Insectorum 118:1-125. PDF
- Esteves, F. A.; Fisher, B. L. 2015. A subfamília Amblyoponinae na região Neotropical. Pp. 13-22 in: Delabie, J. H. C.; Feitosa, R. M.; Serrão, J. E.; Mariano, C. S. F.; Majer, J. D. (eds.) 2015. As formigas poneromorfas do Brasil. Ilhéus-Bahia: Editora da UESC, 477 pp. PDF
- Feitosa, R. M.; Dias, A. M. 2024. An illustrated guide for the identification of ant subfamilies and genera in Brazil. Insect Systematics & Evolution -:1-121. [online early] 10.1163/1876312X-bja10062 PDF
- Fernández, F.; Arias-Penna, T. M. 2008. Las hormigas cazadoras en la región Neotropical. Pp. 3-39 in: Jiménez, E.; Fernández, F.; Arias, T.M.; Lozano-Zambrano, F. H. (eds.) 2008. Sistemática, biogeografía y conservación de las hormigas cazadoras de Colombia. Bogotá: Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, xiv + 609 pp. PDF
- Fernández, F.; Delsinne, T.; Arias-Penna, T. M. 2019. Subfamilia Amblyoponinae. Capítulo 16. Pp. 501-508 in: Fernández, F.; Guerrero, R. J.; Delsinne, T. (eds.) 2019d. Hormigas de Colombia. Bogotá: Universidad Nacional de Colombia, 1198 pp. PDF
- Fisher, B. L.; Bolton, B. 2016. Ants of the world. Ants of Africa and Madagascar. A guide to the genera. Berkeley: University of California Press, ix + 503 pp.
- Forel, A. 1893b. Sur la classification de la famille des Formicides, avec remarques synonymiques. Annales de la Société Entomologique de Belgique 37:161-167. PDF
- Forel, A. 1895b. A fauna das formigas do Brazil. Boletim do Museu Paraense de Historia Natural e Ethnographia 1:89-139. PDF
- Forel, A. 1917. Cadre synoptique actuel de la faune universelle des fourmis. Bulletin de la Société Vaudoise des Sciences Naturelles 51:229-253. PDF
- General, D. E. M.; Alpert, G. D. 2012. A synoptic review of the ant genera (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of the Philippines. ZooKeys 200:1-111. PDF
- Hamer, M. T.; Pierce, M. P.; Guénard, B. 2023. The Amblyoponinae (Formicidae) of Hong Kong. Asian Myrmecology 16: 016005:37 pp. [online early] 10.20362/am.016005 PDF
- Hashimoto, Y. 1996. Skeletomuscular modifications associated with the formation of an additional petiole on the anterior abdominal segments in aculeate Hymenoptera. Japanese Journal of Entomology 64:340-356. PDF
- Heterick, B. E. 2021. A guide to the ants of Western Australia. Part I: Systematics. Records of the Western Australian Museum Supplement 86:245 pp. 10.18195/issn.0313-122x.86.2021.001-245 PDF
- Hölldobler, B.; Wilson, E. O. 1990. The ants. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, xii + 732 pp.
- Keller, R. A. 2011. A phylogenetic analysis of ant morphology (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with special reference to the poneromorph subfamilies. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 355:1-90. PDF
- Kempf, W. W. 1972b. Catálogo abreviado das formigas da região Neotropical. Studia Entomologica 15:3-344. PDF
- Lyu, D. 2008. Taxonomic study on the poneromorph subfamilies group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Korea. Korean Journal of Applied Entomology 47(4):315-331. PDF
- Moreau, C. S.; Bell, C. D.; Vila, R.; Archibald, S. B.; Pierce, N. E. 2006. Phylogeny of the ants: diversification in the age of angiosperms. Science (Washington, D. C.) 312:101-104. PDF
- Ouellette, G. D.; Fisher, B. L.; Girman, D. J. 2006. Molecular systematics of basal subfamilies of ants using 28S rRNA (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40:359-369. PDF
- Ramamonjisoa, M. M.; Rasoamanana, N.; Fisher, B. L. 2024. Male-based key to the subfamilies and genera of Malagasy ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). ZooKeys 1213:289-359. [online early] 10.3897/zookeys.1213.120531 PDF
- Sarnat, E. M.; Economo, E. P. 2012. The ants of Fiji. University of California Publications in Entomology, Volume 132. Berkeley: University of California Press, xiii + 384 pp. PDF
- Saux, C.; Fisher, B. L.; Spicer, G. S. 2004. Dracula ant phylogeny as inferred by nuclear 28S rDNA sequences and implications for ant systematics (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Amblyoponinae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 33:457-468. PDF
- Schoeters, E.; Ito, F.; Miyata, H.; Billen, J. P. J. 1999. Aberrant venom glands in Amblyoponini (Formicidae, Ponerinae): morphology, ultrastructure and histochemistry. Acta Zoologica (Stockholm) 80:3-9.
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- Terayama, M. 1989b. The ant tribe Amblyoponini (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Taiwan with description of a new species. Japanese Journal of Entomology 57:343-346. PDF
- Terayama, M. 2009. A synopsis of the family Formicidae of Taiwan (Insecta: Hymenoptera). Research Bulletin of Kanto Gakuen University. Liberal Arts 17:81-266. PDF
- Ward, P. S. 1994. Adetomyrma, an enigmatic new ant genus from Madagascar (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and its implications for ant phylogeny. Systematic Entomology 19:159-175. PDF
- Ward, P. S. 2007c. Phylogeny, classification, and species-level taxonomy of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa 1668:549-563. PDF
- Ward, P. S.; Fisher, B. L. 2016. Tales of dracula ants: the evolutionary history of the ant subfamily Amblyoponinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Systematic Entomology 41:683-693. 10.1111/syen.12186 PDF
- Wheeler, G. C.; Wheeler, J. 1976b. Ant larvae: review and synthesis. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Washington 7:1-108. PDF
- Wheeler, G. C.; Wheeler, J. 1985b. A simplified conspectus of the Formicidae. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 111:255-264. PDF
- Wheeler, W. M. 1910a. Ants: their structure, development and behavior. New York: Columbia University Press, xxv + 663 pp. PDF
- Wheeler, W. M. 1922. Ants of the American Museum Congo expedition. New York: Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 1139.
- Xu, Z.-H. 2000a. Five new species and one new record of the ant genus Leptogenys Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Yunnan Province, China. Entomologia Sinica 7:117-126.
- Yoshimura, M.; Fisher, B. L. 2012a. A revision of male ants of the Malagasy Amblyoponinae (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) with resurrections of the genera Stigmatomma and Xymmer. PLoS ONE 7 (3):e33325. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0033325 PDF
Extant: 1 valid tribe (4 synonyms), 9 valid genera (12 synonyms), 145 valid species (25 synonyms, 1 homonym, 100 obsolete combinations, 2 unavailable misspellings)
Fossil: 1 valid genus (1 homonym), 7 valid species (3 obsolete combinations)
- All genera
- Incertae sedis
- Agroecomyrmecinae
- Amblyoponinae
- Aneuretinae
- Apomyrminae
- †Armaniinae
- †Brownimeciinae
- Dolichoderinae
- Dorylinae
- Ectatomminae
- †Formiciinae
- Formicinae
- †Haidomyrmecinae
- Leptanillinae
- Martialinae
- Myrmeciinae
- Myrmicinae
- Paraponerinae
- Ponerinae
- Proceratiinae
- Pseudomyrmecinae
- †Sphecomyrminae
- †Zigrasimeciinae